家具には、木材を使ったものがたくさんあります。
ご自宅に一つは木材を使用した家具があるのではないでしょうか？
木材を使用した家具には、いろいろな製法で作成されております。
「無垢材」「突板」などの天然木の風合いを生かしたものや、「プリント合板」のような木目をプリントして張っているものもあります。
そもそも、これはどのようなものなのでしょうか？
無垢材とは
森林にある育った木を、伐採して、削って、四角形の板状や柱状に整え、製材してできたものです。
「木」そのものなので、経年変化によって、独特の風合いや味が出てきます。とても重厚感があり、また、頑丈で重さがあるものが特徴です。
また、木が呼吸するので反ったり縮んだりします。特に日本は湿気が多い国なので、海外と比べるとよく木が反りやすいと言われております。
それは、天然木を使用しているからなので、その変化も楽しめる方におすすめです。
また、無垢材には一枚そのまま使用した「一枚板」のものや、複数の木材を接着材で張り合わせた「集成材」と言われるものがあります。一枚板の方が価格が高いです。
メリット
◆経年変化によって、風合いや味が出て一つだけの家具となる
◆頑丈で重厚感がある
デメリット
◆反りや縮みが出る
◆価格が高い
◆重い
突板とは
突板（ツキイタ）とは、木材を約0.2mmくらいに薄くスライスし、ベニアなどの合板に張り付けたものです。
見た目は天然木を使用しておりますので、木の風合いが楽しめます。あまり家具に触れたことがない方ですと、無垢材と見分けがつきにくいかと思います。
また、無垢材と比べデザイン等自由度が高いのが特徴です。
天板をこのようにすることが無垢材ではとても大変ですが、突板ならば容易です。
また、無垢材と比べて木の使用量が少ないため、価格も抑えめで、かつ、重量も比べると軽いです。
強度が無垢材と比べるとないので、普段動かさないような家具に使用することが多いです。
メリット
◆木の風合いを感じられる
◆無垢材と比べると軽い
◆無垢材と比べると価格が安い
◆デザインしやすい
デメリット
◆経年変化が楽しめない
◆シートが薄いので、強度が弱く、ぶつけると表面が剥がれやすい
プリント合板
名の通り、木材の柄を印刷機でプリントしたものをベニアなどの合板に張り付けたものです。
昔は、一目でプリント材分かったのですが、最近ですと、触ると凹凸があり本当の木材と間違えるくらいの見た目となっております。
価格は無垢材や突板と比べて断然安いです。
突板と同様に、普段あまり動かさないような家具に使用することが多いです。
メリット
◆「無垢材」「突板」と比べると価格が安い
◆いろいろな色やデザインの家具が作りやすい
デメリット
◆木目の印刷のため、木の風合い・素材感が楽しめない
◆強度が弱く、ぶつけると表面が剥がれやすい
上記の製法を知ったうえで、インテリアショップや日常使用している家具を見ると、とても面白いです。
製法によって価格が異なりますが、さらに木材の種類、塗装の仕方等によっても値段が大きく変わってきます。
今後は木材の種類や塗装についても書いていきたいと思います。
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